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1: What is vegetative reproduction?
Vegetative reproduction is a process where new plants grow from parts of a parent plant, such as stems, leaves, or roots.
2: Give examples of plants that reproduce vegetatively.
Examples include potatoes, sugarcane, and money plants.
3: What is the advantage of vegetative reproduction?
The advantage is that it produces offspring with the same characteristics as the parent plant.
4: How does stem cutting help in vegetative reproduction?
4: Stem cutting involves cutting a stem from a parent plant and planting it to grow a new plant.
5: What is layering, and how is it used in vegetative reproduction?
Layering involves bending a stem to the ground and allowing it to take root before cutting it from the parent plant.
6: What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes (sex cells) to produce offspring.
7: What are the male and female reproductive parts in a flower?
The male part is the stamen (anther and filament), and the female part is the pistil (stigma, style, and ovary).
8: What is pollination, and how does it occur?
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma, often through insects or wind.
9: What is the role of fertilization in sexual reproduction?
Fertilization occurs when a pollen grain fuses with an ovule, resulting in the formation of a seed.
10: What is the difference between self-pollination and cross-pollination?
Self-pollination occurs within the same plant, while cross-pollination occurs between different plants.
11: What is the main difference between vegetative and sexual reproduction?
A1: Vegetative reproduction produces offspring with the same characteristics, while sexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic variation.
12.What is layering?
Layering is a method of vegetative propagation where a stem is bent and buried in the soil to produce new roots.
13.What is simple layering?
Simple layering involves bending a single stem to the ground and burying it.
14: What is compound layering?
ompound layering involves bending multiple stems to the ground and burying them.
15.What is air layering?
Air layering is a method of vegetative propagation where a stem is wounded and wrapped with a moist medium to induce root growth.
16: How is air layering done?
Air layering involves making a small wound on the stem, applying a rooting hormone, and wrapping the area with a moist medium like sphagnum moss.
17: What are the advantages of air layering?
Air layering allows roots to develop while the plant is still growing, and it increases the chances of successful propagation.
18: Which plants can be propagated using air layering?
Plants like Ficus, Dracaena, and Philodendron can be propagated using air layering.
19.What is serpentine layering?
Serpentine layering is a method of vegetative propagation where a long stem is bent and buried in a serpentine pattern to induce root growth.
20.How is serpentine layering done?
Serpentine layering involves bending a long stem into a serpentine pattern, burying it in the soil, and weighing it down with rocks.
21: What are the advantages of serpentine layering?
Serpentine layering allows multiple roots to develop along the length of the stem, increasing the chances of successful propagation.
22: Which plants can be propagated using serpentine layering?
Plants like grapevines, wisteria, and clematis can be propagated using serpentine layering.
23.What is grafting?
Grafting is a method of joining a stem (scion) from one plant onto the root system of another plant (stock).
24: Why is grafting done?
Grafting is done to combine the desirable qualities of two plants.
25: What are the types of grafting?
There are two types: whip grafting and tongue grafting.
26: What is whip grafting?
Whip grafting involves joining a small scion to a stock using a whip-like motion.
27.What is budding?
Budding is a method of joining a single bud from one plant onto the root system of another plant.
28: Why is budding done?
Budding is done to produce a new plant with desirable qualities.
29: What are the types of budding?
A3: There are two types: T-budding and patch budding.
30: What is T-budding?
T-budding involves making a T-shaped cut in the stock and inserting a bud.
31.What is hybridization?
Hybridization is the process of crossing two different species or varieties of plants or animals to produce offspring with desirable traits.
32: What is the goal of hybridization?
The goal of hybridization is to combine the beneficial characteristics of two parents to produce offspring with improved traits such as increased yield, disease resistance, or drought tolerance.
33: What are the types of hybridization?
There are two main types: intraspecific hybridization (within the same species) and interspecific hybridization (between different species).
34: What is the difference between hybridization and cross-pollination?
Hybridization involves the intentional crossing of two parents to produce offspring, while cross-pollination is the natural transfer of pollen from one plant to another.
35: What are the advantages of hybridization?
Hybridization can improve crop yields, increase disease resistance, and enhance nutritional content.
36: What are the limitations of hybridization?
Hybridization can lead to loss of genetic diversity, reduced fertility, and increased dependence on specific growing conditions.
37: How does hybridization affect gene expression?
Hybridization can alter gene expression by combining different genetic material, leading to changes in traits and characteristics.
38: What is the role of hybridization in plant breeding?
Hybridization is a key tool in plant breeding, allowing breeders to develop new crop varieties with improved traits.
39: Can hybridization occur naturally?
Yes, hybridization can occur naturally through cross-pollination or other mechanisms.
40: What are the ethical considerations of hybridization?
Hybridization raises ethical concerns around genetic modification, ownership, and potential environmental impacts.
41. Mention name of hybrid seeds of Chili?
Ujjwala,Jwalamukhi
43: What is the hybrid seeds of Paddy?
Pavithra,Annapoorna
44. What is the hybrid seeds of Coconut?
Chandralaksha,chandrasankara
45. What is the hybrid seeds of Lady’s Finger?
Salkeerthi, Kiran
46.Give full name of KAU,CTCRI,RRII,CPCRI
KAU:Kerala Agricultural University (Mannuthi, Thrishur)
CTCRI :Central Tuber Crops Research Institute (Sreekaryam, Institute)
RRII: Rubber Research Institute of India (kottayam)
CPCRI:Central Plantation Crops Research Institute (kasargode).
47.Who is Known as father of green revolution..?
Dr.M.S.Swaminathan.
48.Give example for organic fertilizers..?
Compost
Manure (animal waste)
Bone Meal (ground animal bones)
Fish Emulsion (liquid fertilizer from decomposed fish)
Cow Dung
49.Give example for Chemical Fertilizers
Urea (nitrogen-rich fertilizer)
Ammonium Nitrate (nitrogen-rich fertilizer)
NPK (balanced fertilizer with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium)
Potassium Chloride (potassium-rich fertilizer)
DAP (Diammonium Phosphate, phosphorus-rich fertilizer)
50. Differentiate Chercteristics of Organic Fertilizer and Chemical Fertilizer
Organic Fertilizers
– Natural and derived from living things (plants, animals, microorganisms)
– Release nutrients slowly
– Improve soil structure and health
– Environmentally friendly
– Examples: compost, manure, bone meal, fish emulsion
Chemical Fertilizers
– Synthetic and manufactured
– Release nutrients quickly
– Focus on specific nutrients (NPK)
– Can harm soil and environment if overused
– Examples: urea, ammonium nitrate, NPK, potassium chloride
Also Read:Important Questions from the chapter Acid and Base
