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Each question has four options and the correct answer.
1.What are target cells?
A) Cells on which a particular hormone acts
B) Cells that produce all hormones
C) Cells that transport oxygen
D) Cells that produce antibodies
Answer: A) Cells on which a particular hormone acts
2.What enables a target cell to respond to a hormone?
A) Ribosome
B) Receptor
C) Cell wall
D) Chloroplast
Answer: B) Receptor
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3.Where can hormone receptors be found?
A) Only in the nucleus
B) Only in the cell wall
C) In the cell membrane and within cells
D) Only in plant roots
Answer: C) In the cell membrane and within cells
4.What forms when a hormone binds to its receptor?
A) Hormone-receptor complex
B) Cell-wall complex
C) Antibody complex
D) Glucose complex
Answer: A) Hormone-receptor complex
5.How are animal hormones generally transported to target cells?
A) Through xylem
B) Through phloem
C) Through blood
D) Through the digestive tract
Answer: C) Through blood
6.How can plant hormones be transported?
A) Only through blood
B) Cell-to-cell, xylem or phloem
C) Only through roots
D) Only through leaves
Answer: B) Cell-to-cell, xylem or phloem
7.Which is an animal hormone?
A) Auxin
B) Gibberellin
C) Insulin
D) Cytokinin
Answer: C) Insulin
8.Which is a plant hormone?
A) Thyroxine
B) Vasopressin
C) Glucagon
D) Auxin
Answer: D) Auxin
9.Why do hormones act only on particular target cells?
A) All cells have identical receptors
B) Target cells have suitable receptors
C) Hormones need no receptors
D) Hormones act only outside cells
Answer: B) Target cells have suitable receptors
10.What is a major role of hormones?
A) Coordinating body functions
B) Transporting oxygen only
C) Digesting food directly
D) Forming cell walls
Answer: A) Coordinating body functions
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11.Which plant hormone is associated with stem elongation and tropic movements?
A) Auxin
B) Insulin
C) Calcitonin
D) Prolactin
Answer: A) Auxin
12.Which hormone helps break seed dormancy?
A) Ethylene
B) Gibberellin
C) Abscisic acid
D) Insulin
Answer: B) Gibberellin
13.Which hormone stimulates cell division and delays leaf ageing?
A) Ethylene
B) Cytokinin
C) ADH
D) Glucagon
Answer: B) Cytokinin
14.Which hormone is associated with fruit ripening?
A) Auxin
B) Ethylene
C) Calcitonin
D) Thyroxine
Answer: B) Ethylene
15.Which plant hormone inhibits growth and helps plants respond to unfavourable conditions?
A) Gibberellin
B) Auxin
C) Abscisic acid
D) Cytokinin
Answer: C) Abscisic acid
16.Which hormone is used to induce root formation in stem cuttings?
A) Synthetic auxin
B) Synthetic insulin
C) ADH
D) Calcitonin
Answer: A) Synthetic auxin
17.Which synthetic auxin is used as a weedicide?
A) 2,4-D
B) TSH
C) ADH
D) ABA
Answer: A) 2,4-D
18.Synthetic gibberellins can increase fruit size in which crop?
A) Grapevines
B) Mosses only
C) Algae only
D) Ferns only
Answer: A) Grapevines
19.Synthetic gibberellins promote stem elongation in which crop?
A) Sugarcane
B) Tea only
C) Coffee only
D) Coconut only
Answer: A) Sugarcane
Which hormone is used to help ripen bananas and tomatoes uniformly?
A) Ethylene
B) Insulin
C) Calcitonin
D) ADH
Answer: A) Ethylene
Which hormone promotes the transport of nutrients to growing regions?
A) Cytokinin
B) Glucagon
C) Prolactin
D) Calcitonin
Answer: A) Cytokinin
Which hormone promotes abscission of mature leaves and fruits?
A) Abscisic acid
B) Insulin
C) Oxytocin
D) Thyroxine
Answer: A) Abscisic acid
What is phototropism?
A) Growth response to light
B) Growth response to gravity
C) Response to water only
D) Response to sound
Answer: A) Growth response to light
When light falls from one direction, auxin accumulates mainly on which side of a shoot?
A) Shaded side
B) Illuminated side only
C) Root side only
D) Flower side only
Answer: A) Shaded side
Why does a shoot bend towards light?
A) Shaded-side cells elongate more
B) Illuminated-side cells always elongate more
C) Auxin destroys all cells
D) Roots pull the shoot
Answer: A) Shaded-side cells elongate more
What is one environmental concern about synthetic plant hormones?
A) They may enter soil and water
B) They always purify water
C) They cannot affect ecosystems
D) They remove all pollutants
Answer: A) They may enter soil and water
Which gland is often called the master gland?
A) Pituitary
B) Thyroid
C) Pancreas
D) Parathyroid
Answer: A) Pituitary
Which brain region regulates the anterior pituitary through releasing and inhibitory hormones?
A) Hypothalamus
B) Cerebellum
C) Spinal cord
D) Medulla only
Answer: A) Hypothalamus
What is the main role of the posterior pituitary?
A) Store and release hormones produced by the hypothalamus
B) Produce insulin
C) Produce thyroxine
D) Produce auxin
Answer: A) Store and release hormones produced by the hypothalamus
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Which hormone promotes body growth?
A) Somatotropin
B) Prolactin
C) Oxytocin
D) Calcitonin
Answer: A) Somatotropin
Somatotropin is also called:
A) Growth hormone
B) Antidiuretic hormone
C) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
D) Adrenaline
Answer: A) Growth hormone
Which hormone stimulates milk production?
A) Prolactin
B) Oxytocin
C) Glucagon
D) Thyroxine
Answer: A) Prolactin
Which pituitary hormone stimulates the thyroid gland?
A) TSH
B) ACTH
C) ADH
D) GTH
Answer: A) TSH
Which hormone stimulates the adrenal cortex?
A) ACTH
B) TSH
C) Prolactin
D) Somatotropin
Answer: A) ACTH
Which hormones stimulate the ovaries and testes?
A) Gonadotropic hormones
B) Thyroid hormones
C) Plant hormones
D) Digestive enzymes
Answer: A) Gonadotropic hormones
Which hormone helps uterine contractions during childbirth?
A) Oxytocin
B) Insulin
C) Thyroxine
D) Calcitonin
Answer: A) Oxytocin
Which hormone increases water reabsorption in the kidneys?
A) ADH
B) TSH
C) ACTH
D) GTH
Answer: A) ADH
What causes dwarfism as described in the textbook?
A) Reduced growth hormone during the growth phase
B) Excess growth hormone during childhood
C) Excess insulin
D) Excess calcitonin
Answer: A) Reduced growth hormone during the growth phase
Excess growth hormone during the growth phase may cause:
A) Gigantism
B) Dwarfism
C) Goitre
D) Diabetes
Answer: A) Gigantism
Excess growth hormone after the growth phase may cause:
A) Acromegaly
B) Dwarfism
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Goitre
Answer: A) Acromegaly
Which process increases cell number during growth?
A) Mitosis
B) Osmosis only
C) Diffusion only
D) Excretion
Answer: A) Mitosis
Where is the thyroid gland located?
A) Below the larynx in the upper part of the trachea
B) Behind the stomach
C) Inside the kidney
D) At the base of the spinal cord
Answer: A) Below the larynx in the upper part of the trachea
Which two cell types are found in the thyroid gland?
A) Follicular and parafollicular cells
B) Alpha and beta cells
C) Red and white cells
D) Neurons and glial cells
Answer: A) Follicular and parafollicular cells
Which hormones are produced by the thyroid gland?
A) Thyroxine and calcitonin
B) Insulin and glucagon
C) Oxytocin and prolactin
D) Oestrogen and progesterone
Answer: A) Thyroxine and calcitonin
Which hormone regulates metabolism and body temperature?
A) Thyroxine
B) Calcitonin
C) Insulin
D) Prolactin
Answer: A) Thyroxine
Which hormone lowers blood calcium?
A) Calcitonin
B) Parathormone
C) Glucagon
D) ADH
Answer: A) Calcitonin
Which hormone raises blood calcium?
A) Parathormone
B) Calcitonin
C) Insulin
D) Prolactin
Answer: A) Parathormone
Which pair acts antagonistically in blood calcium regulation?
A) Calcitonin and parathormone
B) Insulin and ADH
C) Auxin and ethylene
D) Prolactin and oxytocin
Answer: A) Calcitonin and parathormone
What is the normal blood calcium level stated in the supplied textbook page?
A) 9–11 mg/dL
B) 1–3 mg/dL
C) 3–5 mg/dL
D) 20–25 mg/dL
Answer: A) 9–11 mg/dL
What is goitre?
A) Swelling in the neck due to thyroid enlargement
B) Enlargement of the pancreas
C) Reduced bone growth
D) A kidney disorder only
Answer: A) Swelling in the neck due to thyroid enlargement
Deficiency of which nutrient is associated with goitre?
A) Iodine
B) Iron
C) Vitamin C
D) Sodium
Answer: A) Iodine
What is hypothyroidism?
A) Reduced secretion of thyroxine
B) Excessive secretion of thyroxine
C) Reduced insulin secretion
D) Excess auxin production
Answer: A) Reduced secretion of thyroxine
Which symptom is associated with hypothyroidism?
A) Fatigue and intolerance to cold
B) Increased metabolic rate in all cases
C) Excessive sweating only
D) Increased heart rate only
Answer: A) Fatigue and intolerance to cold
What is hyperthyroidism?
A) Excessive secretion of thyroxine
B) Reduced secretion of thyroxine
C) Reduced secretion of ADH
D) Excessive insulin production
Answer: A) Excessive secretion of thyroxine
Which hormone maintains water balance through kidney action?
A) ADH (vasopressin)
B) TSH
C) ACTH
D) Calcitonin
Answer: A) ADH (vasopressin)
When body water decreases, ADH secretion generally:
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Stops permanently
D) Turns into insulin
Answer: A) Increases
What happens to urine output when ADH secretion increases?
A) It generally decreases
B) It always increases
C) It becomes permanently zero
D) It is unaffected in every case
Answer: A) It generally decreases
Which organ produces insulin and glucagon?
A) Pancreas
B) Thyroid
C) Pituitary
D) Parathyroid
Answer: A) Pancreas
Which pancreatic cells produce insulin?
A) Beta cells
B) Alpha cells
C) Follicular cells
D) Parafollicular cells
Answer: A) Beta cells
Which pancreatic cells produce glucagon?
A) Alpha cells
B) Beta cells
C) Follicular cells
D) Red blood cells
Answer: A) Alpha cells
What is the main effect of insulin?
A) Lowers elevated blood glucose
B) Raises blood calcium
C) Increases water loss
D) Ripens fruits
Answer: A) Lowers elevated blood glucose
Which hormone promotes conversion of excess glucose into glycogen?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) ADH
D) Calcitonin
Answer: A) Insulin
What is the storage form of glucose in the liver?
A) Glycogen
B) Starch
C) Cellulose
D) Protein
Answer: A) Glycogen
What is the main effect of glucagon?
A) Raises blood glucose
B) Lowers blood glucose
C) Lowers blood calcium
D) Increases water reabsorption
Answer: A) Raises blood glucose
Which pair regulates blood glucose in opposite directions?
A) Insulin and glucagon
B) Thyroxine and calcitonin
C) Auxin and gibberellin
D) Oxytocin and prolactin
Answer: A) Insulin and glucagon
What fasting blood glucose range is given in the textbook?
A) 70–100 mg/dL
B) 20–40 mg/dL
C) 40–60 mg/dL
D) 150–200 mg/dL
Answer: A) 70–100 mg/dL
What does HbA1c indicate?
A) Average blood glucose over about three months
B) Blood calcium over one day
C) Water content in urine
D) Thyroxine production in one hour
Answer: A) Average blood glucose over about three months
Which HbA1c value is given as the upper boundary of the normal range in the textbook?
A) Below 5.7%
B) Below 7.5%
C) Below 10%
D) Below 15%
Answer: A) Below 5.7%
Type 1 diabetes is commonly associated with:
A) Destruction of pancreatic beta cells
B) Iodine deficiency only
C) Excessive auxin
D) Enlargement of thyroid only
Answer: A) Destruction of pancreatic beta cells
Type 2 diabetes is associated with:
A) Reduced effectiveness of insulin and variation in insulin production
B) Only iodine deficiency
C) Only excess growth hormone
D) Only reduced ADH
Answer: A) Reduced effectiveness of insulin and variation in insulin production
Which are common symptoms of diabetes mellitus?
A) Increased thirst, hunger and frequent urination
B) Reduced thirst and no urination
C) Neck swelling only
D) Excessive jaw growth only
Answer: A) Increased thirst, hunger and frequent urination
Which organ stores glycogen and releases glucose in response to glucagon?
A) Liver
B) Thyroid
C) Pituitary
D) Parathyroid
Answer: A) Liver
Which gland produces testosterone?
A) Testes
B) Ovary
C) Pituitary
D) Thyroid
Answer: A) Testes
Which hormones are produced by the ovaries?
A) Oestrogen and progesterone
B) Insulin and glucagon
C) ADH and TSH
D) Auxin and ethylene
Answer: A) Oestrogen and progesterone
Which hormone helps maintain the foetus in the uterus?
A) Progesterone
B) Insulin
C) Thyroxine
D) Calcitonin
Answer: A) Progesterone
Which hormone facilitates milk ejection and uterine contractions?
A) Oxytocin
B) Prolactin
C) Glucagon
D) Ethylene
Answer: A) Oxytocin
Which hormone stimulates appetite and is produced in the upper part of the stomach?
A) Ghrelin
B) Leptin
C) Insulin
D) Calcitonin
Answer: A) Ghrelin
Which hormone signals satiety and helps reduce appetite?
A) Leptin
B) Ghrelin
C) Glucagon
D) ADH
Answer: A) Leptin
Which brain region is involved in appetite regulation by ghrelin and leptin?
A) Hypothalamus
B) Cerebellum
C) Spinal cord
D) Medulla only
Answer: A) Hypothalamus
Which of these is a neurotransmitter associated with mental health?
A) Dopamine
B) Auxin
C) Ethylene
D) Parathormone
Answer: A) Dopamine
Which other neurotransmitter is mentioned in the textbook?
A) Serotonin
B) Gibberellin
C) Progesterone
D) Calcitonin
Answer: A) Serotonin
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Which substances are associated with neurotransmission and responses to pain and pleasure?
A) Endorphins
B) Abscisic acid
C) Insulin
D) Parathormone
Answer: A) Endorphins
What are pheromones?
A) Chemical substances used for communication within the same species
B) Hormones that regulate calcium
C) Digestive enzymes
D) Photosynthetic pigments
Answer: A) Chemical substances used for communication within the same species
Which pheromone helps determine territory?
A) Territorial pheromone
B) Alarm pheromone
C) Sex pheromone
D) Trail pheromone
Answer: A) Territorial pheromone
Which pheromone signals danger?
A) Alarm pheromone
B) Trail pheromone
C) Territorial pheromone
D) Sex pheromone
Answer: A) Alarm pheromone
Which pheromone attracts mates?
A) Sex pheromone
B) Alarm pheromone
C) Trail pheromone
D) Territorial pheromone
Answer: A) Sex pheromone
Which pheromone helps mark a route to food?
A) Trail pheromone
B) Alarm pheromone
C) Sex pheromone
D) Territorial pheromone
Answer: A) Trail pheromone
How do pheromone traps control pests?
A) They attract insects and trap or destroy them
B) They increase pest reproduction
C) They fertilise all crops
D) They attract only beneficial insects
Answer: A) They attract insects and trap or destroy them
Which gland releases hormones involved in emergency responses?
A) Adrenal gland
B) Parathyroid
C) Pineal
D) Thyroid only
Answer: A) Adrenal gland
What is another name for epinephrine?
A) Adrenaline
B) Thyroxine
C) Vasopressin
D) Somatotropin
Answer: A) Adrenaline
What is another name for norepinephrine?
A) Noradrenaline
B) Calcitonin
C) Prolactin
D) Progesterone
Answer: A) Noradrenaline
Which nervous system division is active during the emergency response?
A) Sympathetic nervous system
B) Parasympathetic nervous system only
C) Visual cortex
D) Spinal sensory system only
Answer: A) Sympathetic nervous system
Which hormone from the adrenal cortex helps maintain salt balance?
A) Aldosterone
B) Insulin
C) Oxytocin
D) Ethylene
Answer: A) Aldosterone
Which gland produces melatonin?
A) Pineal gland
B) Thyroid
C) Pancreas
D) Adrenal cortex
Answer: A) Pineal gland
When is melatonin production generally higher?
A) At night
B) Only at midday
C) Only after meals
D) Only during exercise
Answer: A) At night
Bright light at night can inhibit the secretion of:
A) Melatonin
B) Insulin
C) Parathormone
D) Gibberellin
Answer: A) Melatonin
A shoot bends towards a window. Which phenomenon explains this?
A) Phototropism
B) Hydrotropism
C) Geotropism
D) Chemotropism
Answer: A) Phototropism
A farmer uses 2,4-D to control weeds. It is a:
A) Synthetic auxin
B) Synthetic insulin
C) Animal growth hormone
D) Thyroid hormone
Answer: A) Synthetic auxin
A plant retains green leaves for longer. Which hormone may be involved?
A) Cytokinin
B) Ethylene
C) Abscisic acid
D) Glucagon
Answer: A) Cytokinin
A child has stunted growth due to low growth hormone during development. Which disorder is indicated?
A) Dwarfism
B) Gigantism
C) Acromegaly
D) Goitre
Answer: A) Dwarfism
An adult develops enlarged hands, feet and jaws due to excess growth hormone after the growth phase. This is:
A) Acromegaly
B) Dwarfism
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Goitre
Blood calcium rises. Which hormone helps lower it?
A) Calcitonin
B) Parathormone
C) Glucagon
D) Somatotropin
Answer: A) Calcitonin
Blood calcium falls. Which hormone helps raise it?
A) Parathormone
B) Calcitonin
C) Insulin
D) Prolactin
Answer: A) Parathormone
A person loses water through sweating. Which response conserves water?
A) Increased ADH secretion
B) Reduced ADH secretion
C) Increased ethylene
D) Increased calcitonin
Answer: A) Increased ADH secretion
Blood glucose rises after a meal. Which hormone helps lower it?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) ADH
D) Parathormone
Answer: A) Insulin
Blood glucose falls between meals. Which hormone helps raise it?
A) Glucagon
B) Insulin
C) Calcitonin
D) Prolactin
Answer: A) Glucagon
Which pair is correctly matched?
A) Prolactin—milk production
B) Oxytocin—fruit ripening
C) Thyroxine—root formation
D) Glucagon—water reabsorption
Answer: A) Prolactin—milk production
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Which pair regulates calcium homeostasis?
A) Calcitonin and parathormone
B) Insulin and glucagon
C) Auxin and ethylene
D) Prolactin and oxytocin
Answer: A) Calcitonin and parathormone
Which pair regulates blood glucose homeostasis?
A) Insulin and glucagon
B) Calcitonin and thyroxine
C) Auxin and cytokinin
D) Oxytocin and prolactin
Answer: A) Insulin and glucagon
Which term means maintaining a relatively stable internal environment?
A) Homeostasis
B) Phototropism
C) Abscission
D) Dormancy
Answer: A) Homeostasis
Which is a major benefit of pheromone traps compared with broad chemical pesticide use?
A) They can target particular pests and reduce harm to beneficial organisms
B) They kill all organisms
C) They increase soil pollution
D) They have no pest-control role
Answer: A) They can target particular pests and reduce harm to beneficial organisms
Quick Revision: Important Hormone–Function Pairs
Auxin: Stem elongation and tropic movements
Gibberellin: Breaking seed dormancy and growth
Cytokinin: Cell division and delayed leaf ageing
Ethylene: Fruit ripening
Abscisic acid: Growth inhibition and stress responses
Somatotropin: Body growth
Prolactin: Milk production
Oxytocin: Uterine contractions and milk ejection
Thyroxine: Metabolism and body temperature regulation
Calcitonin: Lowers blood calcium
Parathormone: Raises blood calcium
ADH / Vasopressin: Increases water reabsorption in kidneys
Insulin: Lowers blood glucose
Glucagon: Raises blood glucose
Testosterone: Male reproductive functions and secondary sexual characteristics
Oestrogen: Female reproductive functions and secondary sexual characteristics
Progesterone: Helps maintain pregnancy
Ghrelin: Stimulates appetite
Leptin: Signals satiety
Melatonin: Sleep–wake cycle
Adrenaline: Emergency response
Aldosterone: Salt balance
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